{"id":4356,"date":"2024-12-17T06:48:47","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T06:48:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/?page_id=4356"},"modified":"2025-02-08T02:02:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-08T07:02:39","slug":"renforcement-des-tunnels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/fr\/application\/renforcement-des-tunnels\/","title":{"rendered":"Renforcement des tunnels"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4356\" class=\"elementor elementor-4356\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-590011c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"590011c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18f71850 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18f71850\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1476acb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1476acb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tunnel Reinforcement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d86ab40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d86ab40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1><strong>The Role of Fibers in Lightweight Concrete for Tunnel Reinforcement<\/strong><\/h1><p><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p><p>Tunnel reinforcement is critical to ensuring the stability and safety of underground infrastructure. Lightweight concrete, enhanced with fiber reinforcement, offers an innovative solution by combining reduced weight with superior strength and durability. Fiberego\u2019s advanced fiber solutions\u2014including polypropylene, polyester, steel, and cellulose fibers\u2014are designed to optimize lightweight concrete performance in demanding tunnel environments.<\/p><h2><strong>Types of Fibers for Tunnel Reinforcement<\/strong><\/h2><h3><strong>Polypropylene Fibers<\/strong><\/h3><p>Polypropylene fibers are lightweight and resistant to shrinkage, making them ideal for:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Tunnel Linings<\/strong>: Preventing shrinkage and thermal cracks during curing.<\/li><li><strong>Shotcrete Applications<\/strong>: Improving sprayability and reducing rebound during installation.<\/li><li><strong>Protective Coatings<\/strong>: Enhancing flexibility and durability against water ingress.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5571\" src=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104301-300x300.webp\" alt=\"Tunnel Reinforcement\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104301-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104301-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104301-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104301.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5572\" src=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104319-300x300.webp\" alt=\"Tunnel Reinforcement\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104319-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104319-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104319-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104319.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/>\u00a0<\/p><h3><strong>Polyester Fibers<\/strong><\/h3><p>Polyester fibers provide superior UV resistance and tensile strength, essential for:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Secondary Linings<\/strong>: Reinforcing thin layers of lightweight concrete in tunnels.<\/li><li><strong>Tunnel Support Structures<\/strong>: Withstanding dynamic loads and environmental stress.<\/li><li><strong>Decorative Finishes<\/strong>: Maintaining aesthetic appeal without compromising structural integrity.<\/li><\/ul><h3><strong>Steel Fibers<\/strong><\/h3><p>Steel fibers offer unparalleled load-bearing capacity and toughness, suitable for:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Primary Linings<\/strong>: Reinforcing concrete against high compressive and tensile stresses.<\/li><li><strong>High-Pressure Tunnels<\/strong>: Withstanding dynamic loads and earth pressure.<\/li><li><strong>Seismic Zones<\/strong>: Providing additional resilience in areas prone to earthquakes.<\/li><\/ul><h3><strong>Cellulose Fibers<\/strong><\/h3><p>Cellulose fibers, derived from natural sources, improve workability and sustainability. Applications include:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Waterproof Linings<\/strong>: Enhancing crack resistance in areas exposed to moisture.<\/li><li><strong>Lightweight Concrete Mixes<\/strong>: Supporting even curing and reduced material weight.<\/li><li><strong>Sustainable Tunnel Projects<\/strong>: Offering biodegradable reinforcement for eco-friendly designs.<\/li><\/ul><h2><strong>Applications of Fibers in Tunnel Reinforcement<\/strong><\/h2><h3><strong>Tunnel Linings<\/strong><\/h3><p>Fibers strengthen both primary and secondary tunnel linings, ensuring stability under high pressure. Steel fibers enhance load-bearing capacity, while polypropylene fibers prevent cracking during curing.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5575\" src=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104741-300x300.webp\" alt=\"Tunnel Reinforcement\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104741-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104741-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104741-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104741.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5576\" src=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104755-300x300.webp\" alt=\"Tunnel Reinforcement\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104755-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104755-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104755-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104755.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/p><h3><strong>Shotcrete Reinforcement<\/strong><\/h3><p>Shotcrete is widely used in tunnel construction for its ease of application. Fibers improve the cohesiveness of shotcrete mixes, reducing rebound and ensuring even coverage on tunnel walls.<\/p><h3><strong>Crack Prevention in Tunnels<\/strong><\/h3><p>Cracking in tunnel structures can lead to water ingress and reduced stability. Fibers like polyester and cellulose minimize shrinkage and thermal cracks, extending the tunnel\u2019s lifespan.<\/p><h2><strong>Benefits of Using Fibers in Lightweight Concrete for Tunnels<\/strong><\/h2><h3><strong>Enhanced Durability<\/strong><\/h3><p>Fibers improve tensile and compressive strength, ensuring tunnels can withstand heavy loads and environmental challenges.<\/p><h3><strong>Crack Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><p>Fiber reinforcement reduces the risk of cracks caused by shrinkage, thermal expansion, or seismic activity.<\/p><h3><strong>Cost Efficiency<\/strong><\/h3><p>Fiber-reinforced concrete minimizes the need for repairs, lowering long-term maintenance costs.<\/p><h3><strong>Sustainability<\/strong><\/h3><p>Eco-friendly fibers, such as cellulose, reduce the environmental footprint of tunnel construction projects.<\/p><h2><strong>Fiberego: Your Partner in Tunnel Reinforcement Solutions<\/strong><\/h2><p>Fiberego offers tailored fiber solutions for lightweight concrete used in tunnel reinforcement. Our advantages include:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Customizable Products<\/strong>: Fibers designed for specific tunnel construction challenges.<\/li><li><strong>Technical Expertise<\/strong>: Expert support to ensure optimal fiber integration.<\/li><li><strong>Sustainability Commitment<\/strong>: Promoting eco-friendly practices in underground construction.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5573\" src=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104653-300x300.webp\" alt=\"Tunnel Reinforcement\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104653-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104653-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104653-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104653.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5574\" src=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104658-300x300.webp\" alt=\"Tunnel Reinforcement\" width=\"280\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104658-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104658-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104658-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/MJ_20241230_104658.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/p><h2><strong>Future Innovations in Fiber-Reinforced Tunnel Construction<\/strong><\/h2><h3><strong>Smart Fiber Technology<\/strong><\/h3><p>Integrating sensors within fibers for real-time monitoring of tunnel stability and environmental conditions.<\/p><h3><strong>Hybrid Fiber Systems<\/strong><\/h3><p>Combining fiber types for superior performance in high-stress tunnel environments.<\/p><h3><strong>Advanced Sustainability<\/strong><\/h3><p>Developing biodegradable and recycled fibers to align with eco-conscious tunnel construction practices.<\/p><h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2><p>Fibers are transforming the use of lightweight concrete in tunnel reinforcement, offering enhanced strength, durability, and sustainability. Fiberego\u2019s expertise in polypropylene, polyester, steel, and cellulose fibers ensures innovative solutions for building resilient and safe tunnels.<\/p><p><strong>Reinforce your tunnels with Fiberego\u2014where safety and innovation meet underground.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85de1d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"85de1d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:50,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ae676 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2ae676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/products\/fibrillated-pp-microfiber\/\">FIBRILLATED PP MICROFIBER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73ed574 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73ed574\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/products\/polyester-fiber\/\">POLYESTER FIBER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f7c5c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f7c5c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20b258d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"20b258d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/IMG_4317-150x150.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-9432\" alt=\"Embossed Synthetic PP Macrofiber 48mm\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d64e879 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d64e879\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25118da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25118da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/products\/synthetic-pp-macrofiber\/\">SYNTHETIC PP MACROFIBER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-136ec3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"136ec3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/products\/twisted-bundle-pp-fiber\/\">TWISTED BUNDLE PP FIBER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c79403e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c79403e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/products\/polyacrylonitrile-fiber\/\">POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b57d73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b57d73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/products\/cellulose-fiber\/\">CELLULOSE FIBER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad40284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad40284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/concretefiberhub.com\/products\/steel-fiber\/\">STEEL FIBER<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b5319d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b5319d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ade8a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"9ade8a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class='fluentform ff-default fluentform_wrapper_5 ffs_default_wrap'><form data-form_id=\"5\" id=\"fluentform_5\" class=\"frm-fluent-form fluent_form_5 ff-el-form-top ff_form_instance_5_1 ff-form-loading ffs_default\" data-form_instance=\"ff_form_instance_5_1\" method=\"POST\" ><fieldset  style=\"border: none!important;margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;background-color: transparent!important;box-shadow: none!important;outline: none!important; min-inline-size: 100%;\">\n                    <legend class=\"ff_screen_reader_title\" style=\"display: block; margin: 0!important;padding: 0!important;height: 0!important;text-indent: -999999px;width: 0!important;overflow:hidden;\">contact us 2 (#5)<\/legend><input type='hidden' name='__fluent_form_embded_post_id' value='4356' \/><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_fluentform_5_fluentformnonce\" name=\"_fluentform_5_fluentformnonce\" value=\"c4565c32af\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4356\" \/><div data-name=\"ff_cn_id_1\"  class='ff-t-container ff-column-container ff_columns_total_2  '><div class='ff-t-cell ff-t-column-1' style='flex-basis: 50%;'><div data-type=\"name-element\" data-name=\"names\" class=\" ff-field_container ff-name-field-wrapper\" ><div class='ff-t-container'><div class='ff-t-cell '><div class='ff-el-group ff-el-form-top'><div class='ff-el-input--content'><input type=\"text\" name=\"names[first_name]\" id=\"ff_5_names_first_name_\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Your Name\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-required=true><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='ff-t-cell ff-t-column-2' style='flex-basis: 50%;'><div class='ff-el-group'><div class='ff-el-input--content'><select name=\"country-list\" id=\"ff_5_country-list\" class=\"ff-el-form-control\" placeholder=\"Select Country\" data-name=\"country-list\" aria-invalid='false' aria-required=true><option value=''>Select Country<\/option><option value='AF' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='ZA' >Afrique du Sud<\/option><option value='AL' >Albanie<\/option><option value='DZ' >Alg\u00e9rie<\/option><option value='DE' >Allemagne<\/option><option value='AS' >American Samoa<\/option><option value='AD' >Andorre<\/option><option value='AO' >Angola<\/option><option value='AI' >Anguilla<\/option><option value='AQ' >Antarctique<\/option><option value='AG' >Antigua-et-Barbuda<\/option><option value='SA' >Arabie Saoudite<\/option><option value='AR' >Argentine<\/option><option value='AM' >Arm\u00e9nie<\/option><option value='AW' >Aruba<\/option><option value='AU' >Australie<\/option><option value='AT' >Autriche<\/option><option value='AZ' >Azerbaijan<\/option><option value='BS' >Bahamas<\/option><option value='BH' >Bahrain<\/option><option value='BD' >Bangladesh<\/option><option value='BB' >Barbades<\/option><option value='PW' >Belau<\/option><option value='BE' >Belgique<\/option><option value='BZ' >Belize<\/option><option value='BJ' >Benin<\/option><option value='BM' >Bermudes<\/option><option value='BT' >Bhutan<\/option><option value='BY' >Bi\u00e9lorussie<\/option><option value='BO' >Bolivie<\/option><option value='BA' >Bosnie-Herz\u00e9govine<\/option><option value='BW' >Botswana<\/option><option value='BN' >Brunei<\/option><option value='BR' >Br\u00e9sil<\/option><option value='BG' >Bulgarie<\/option><option value='BF' >Burkina Faso<\/option><option value='BI' >Burundi<\/option><option value='KH' >Cambodge<\/option><option value='CM' >Cameroun<\/option><option value='CA' >Canada<\/option><option value='CV' >Cap Vert<\/option><option value='CL' >Chili<\/option><option value='CN' >Chine<\/option><option value='CX' >Christmas Island<\/option><option value='CY' >Chypre<\/option><option value='CO' >Colombie<\/option><option value='KM' >Comores<\/option><option value='KP' >Cor\u00e9e du Nord<\/option><option value='KR' >Cor\u00e9e du Sud<\/option><option value='CR' >Costa Rica<\/option><option value='HR' >Croatie<\/option><option value='CU' >Cuba<\/option><option value='CW' >Cura\u00e7ao<\/option><option value='CI' >C\u00f4te-d\u2019Ivoire<\/option><option value='DK' >Danemark<\/option><option value='DJ' >Djibouti<\/option><option value='DM' >Dominique<\/option><option value='ER' >Erythr\u00e9e<\/option><option value='ES' >Espagne<\/option><option value='EE' >Estonie<\/option><option value='US' >Etats-Unis (USA)<\/option><option value='FJ' >Fidji<\/option><option value='FI' >Finlande<\/option><option value='FR' >France<\/option><option value='GA' >Gabon<\/option><option value='GM' >Gambie<\/option><option value='GH' >Ghana<\/option><option value='GI' >Gibraltar<\/option><option value='GD' >Grenade<\/option><option value='GL' >Groenland<\/option><option value='GR' >Gr\u00e8ce<\/option><option value='GP' >Guadeloupe<\/option><option value='GU' >Guam<\/option><option value='GT' >Guatemala<\/option><option value='GG' >Guernesey<\/option><option value='GN' >Guin\u00e9e<\/option><option value='GQ' >Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale<\/option><option value='GW' >Guin\u00e9e-Bissau<\/option><option value='GY' >Guyane<\/option><option value='GF' >Guyane Fran\u00e7aise<\/option><option value='GE' >G\u00e9orgie<\/option><option value='GS' >G\u00e9orgie du Sud \/ \u00eeles Sandwich<\/option><option value='HT' >Ha\u00efti<\/option><option value='HN' >Honduras<\/option><option value='HK' >Hong Kong<\/option><option value='HU' >Hongrie<\/option><option value='IN' >Inde<\/option><option value='ID' >Indon\u00e9sie<\/option><option value='IR' >Iran<\/option><option value='IQ' >Iraq<\/option><option value='IE' >Irlande<\/option><option value='IS' >Islande<\/option><option value='IL' >Isra\u00ebl<\/option><option value='IT' >Italie<\/option><option value='JM' >Jama\u00efque<\/option><option value='JP' >Japon<\/option><option value='JE' >Jersey<\/option><option value='JO' >Jordanie<\/option><option value='KZ' >Kazakhstan<\/option><option value='KE' >Kenya<\/option><option value='KI' >Kiribati<\/option><option value='XK' >Kosovo<\/option><option value='KW' >Kowe\u00eft<\/option><option value='KG' >Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value='RE' >La R\u00e9union<\/option><option value='LA' >Laos<\/option><option value='LS' >Lesotho<\/option><option value='LV' >Lettonie<\/option><option value='LB' >Liban<\/option><option value='LR' >Liberia<\/option><option value='LY' >Libye<\/option><option value='LI' >Liechtenstein<\/option><option value='LT' >Lituanie<\/option><option value='LU' >Luxembourg<\/option><option value='MO' >Macao S.A.R., Chine<\/option><option value='MK' >Mac\u00e9doine<\/option><option value='MG' >Madagascar<\/option><option value='MY' >Malaisie<\/option><option value='MW' >Malawi<\/option><option value='MV' >Maldives<\/option><option value='ML' >Mali<\/option><option value='MT' >Malte<\/option><option value='MA' >Maroc<\/option><option value='MQ' >Martinique<\/option><option value='MU' >Maurice<\/option><option value='MR' >Mauritanie<\/option><option value='YT' >Mayotte<\/option><option value='MX' >Mexique<\/option><option value='FM' >Micron\u00e9sie<\/option><option value='MD' >Moldavie<\/option><option value='MC' >Monaco<\/option><option value='MN' >Mongolie<\/option><option value='ME' >Montenegro<\/option><option value='MS' >Montserrat<\/option><option value='MZ' >Mozambique<\/option><option value='MM' >Myanmar<\/option><option value='NA' >Namibie<\/option><option value='NR' >Nauru<\/option><option value='NI' >Nicaragua<\/option><option value='NE' >Niger<\/option><option value='NG' >Nigeria<\/option><option value='NU' >Niue<\/option><option value='MP' >Northern Mariana Islands<\/option><option value='NO' >Norv\u00e8ge<\/option><option value='NC' >Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie<\/option><option value='NZ' >Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande<\/option><option value='NP' >N\u00e9pal<\/option><option value='OM' >Oman<\/option><option value='PK' >Pakistan<\/option><option value='PA' >Panama<\/option><option value='PG' >Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin\u00e9e<\/option><option value='PY' >Paraguay<\/option><option value='NL' >Pays-Bas<\/option><option value='PH' >Philippines<\/option><option value='PN' >Pitcairn<\/option><option value='PL' >Pologne<\/option><option value='PF' >Polyn\u00e9sie Fran\u00e7aise<\/option><option value='PT' >Portugal<\/option><option value='PR' >Puerto Rico<\/option><option value='PE' >P\u00e9rou<\/option><option value='QA' >Qatar<\/option><option value='RO' >Roumanie<\/option><option value='GB' >Royaume-Uni (UK)<\/option><option value='RU' >Russie<\/option><option value='RW' >Rwanda<\/option><option value='CF' >R\u00e9publique Centrafricaine<\/option><option value='DO' >R\u00e9publique Dominicaine<\/option><option value='CZ' >R\u00e9publique Tch\u00e8que<\/option><option value='CG' >R\u00e9publique du Congo (Brazzaville)<\/option><option value='CD' >R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (Kinshasa)<\/option><option value='BQ' >Saba, Saint-Eustache et Bonaire<\/option><option value='EH' >Sahara occidental<\/option><option value='BL' >Saint Barth\u00e9lemy<\/option><option value='PM' >Saint Pierre et Miquelon<\/option><option value='KN' >Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis<\/option><option value='MF' >Saint-Martin (partie fran\u00e7aise)<\/option><option value='SX' >Saint-Martin (partie n\u00e9erlandaise)<\/option><option value='VC' >Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines<\/option><option value='SH' >Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne<\/option><option value='LC' >Sainte-Lucie<\/option><option value='SV' >Salvador<\/option><option value='WS' >Samoa<\/option><option value='SM' >San Marino<\/option><option value='ST' >Sao Tom\u00e9-et-Principe<\/option><option value='RS' >Serbie<\/option><option value='SC' >Seychelles<\/option><option value='SL' >Sierra Leone<\/option><option value='SG' >Singapour<\/option><option value='SK' >Slovaquie<\/option><option value='SI' >Slov\u00e9nie<\/option><option value='SO' >Somalie<\/option><option value='SD' >Soudan<\/option><option value='SS' >Soudan du Sud<\/option><option value='LK' >Sri Lanka<\/option><option value='CH' >Suisse<\/option><option value='SR' >Suriname<\/option><option value='SE' >Su\u00e8de<\/option><option value='SJ' >Svalbard et Jan Mayen<\/option><option value='SZ' >Swaziland<\/option><option value='SY' >Syrie<\/option><option value='SN' >S\u00e9n\u00e9gal<\/option><option value='TW' >Taiwan<\/option><option value='TJ' >Tajikistan<\/option><option value='TZ' >Tanzanie<\/option><option value='TD' >Tchad<\/option><option value='TF' >Terres Australes Fran\u00e7aises<\/option><option value='PS' >Territoire Palestinien<\/option><option value='IO' >Territoire britannique de l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an Indien<\/option><option value='TH' >Thailande<\/option><option value='TL' >Timor-Leste<\/option><option value='TG' >Togo<\/option><option value='TK' >Tokelau<\/option><option value='TO' >Tonga<\/option><option value='TT' >Trinit\u00e9-et-Tobago<\/option><option value='TN' >Tunisie<\/option><option value='TM' >Turkm\u00e9nistan<\/option><option value='TR' >Turquie<\/option><option value='TV' >Tuvalu<\/option><option value='UG' >Uganda<\/option><option value='UA' >Ukraine<\/option><option value='UY' >Uruguay<\/option><option value='UZ' >Uzbekistan<\/option><option value='VU' >Vanuatu<\/option><option value='VA' >Vatican<\/option><option value='VE' >Venezuela<\/option><option value='VN' >Vietnam<\/option><option value='WF' >Wallis et Futuna<\/option><option value='YE' >Yemen<\/option><option value='ZM' >Zambie<\/option><option value='ZW' >Zimbabwe<\/option><option value='EG' >\u00c9gypte<\/option><option value='AE' >\u00c9mirats Arabes Unis<\/option><option value='EC' >\u00c9quateur<\/option><option value='ET' >\u00c9thiopie<\/option><option value='BV' >\u00cele Bouvet<\/option><option value='NF' >\u00cele Norfolk<\/option><option value='IM' >\u00cele de Man<\/option><option value='AX' >\u00celes Aland<\/option><option value='KY' >\u00celes Ca\u00efmans<\/option><option value='CC' >\u00celes Cocos<\/option><option value='CK' >\u00celes Cook<\/option><option value='FK' >\u00celes Falkland<\/option><option 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